ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY I
Exam 4 Study Guide

I.          Central Nervous System

                        brain
                                    evolution
                                                hindbrain, midbrain, forebrain
                                    structures
                                                medulla, pons, cerebellum, thalamus, hypothalmus, cerebrum
                                    meninges
                                                dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater
                                    blood supply
                                    cerebrospinal fluid
                                    cranial nerves (12 pair)

                        spinal cord
                                    meninges
                            spinal nerves (31 pairs)
                        nerve anatomy                      

II.         Neural Networks (pathways)

                        reflex arc
                        somatic nervous system
                            ascending pathways (tracts)
                                        spinothalmic, medial lemniscal, spinocerebellar
                                    regions of the brain
                                                medulla oblongata, pons, cerebellum, reticular system, thalamus,
                                                epithalamus, hypothalamus, diencephalon, limbic system, cerebrum
                            descending pathways
                                                corticospinal, rubrospinal, reticulospinal
                        autonomic nervous system
                             divisions
                                                 sympathetic
                                                           T1 thru L2
                                                 parasympathetic
                                                            S2 thru S4 & cranial nerves 3, 7, 9, 10
                                    neural pathways
                                    generalizations
                                    neurotransmitters
                                         norepinephirine & acetylcholine
                            specific activities

III.        Senses

    receptors
                           mechanoreceptors, chemoreceptors, thermoreceptors, photoreceptors
      somatic sense
                           touch
                                        pressure, temperature, pain, proprioception
              special senses
                           olfaction, taste, vision, hearing, balance